CLAIMING A JEWISH WOMAN'S VOICE
BACKGROUND
1960S Feminist movement
1970s: Trude Weiss Rosmanrin and Rachel Adler began to struggle for the place of women in Judaism
1972: Ezrat Nashim manifesto (Conservative Movement)
: Reform Movement ordains first female Rabbi, Sally Priesand and soon after,
Reconstructionist movement appointed a female rabbi.
1973: Conservative movement accepts women as part of a minyan
1985: Conservative Movement appoints first female rabbi
2013: Maharat (Rabbah) movement in some Orthodox communities
From Wikipedia:
HAREDI VIEW:
“It has lately become the new trend that girls and married women are pursuing degrees in special education. Some attend classes and others online. And so we’d like to let their parents know that it is against the Torah.
We will be very strict about this. No girls attending our school are allowed to study and get a degree. It is dangerous. Girls who will not abide will be forced to leave our school. Also, we will not give any jobs or teaching position in the school to girls who’ve been to college or have a degree.
We have to keep our school safe and we can’t allow any secular influences in our holy environment. It is against the base upon which our Mosed was built."
Orthodox:
Orthodox Jewish feminism, seeks to change the position of women from within halakha. There are partnership minyanim which consider themselves Orthodox but are not seen as Orthodox by others. In 2015, the Rabbinical Council of America adopted a policy prohibiting the ordination or hiring of women rabbis by synagogues. In 2016, Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis created the job of ma’ayan by which women would be advisers on Jewish law in the area of family purity and as adult educators in Orthodox synagogues
Women now have opportunities for studying rabbinic texts, and serve as legal advisors to Orthodox women regarding divorce and niddah observance.
Conservative:
Ezrat Nashim (1972)"We recognized that the subordinate status of women was linked to their exemption from positive time-bound mitzvot (commandments), and we therefore accepted increased obligation as the corollary of equality," 1973- women accepted as part of the minyan. From 1983, vote that women can be accepted as rabbis.
Reform:
From 1845, women counted in minyan. 1884 first female cantor- Julie Rosewald in San Francisco. 1935-Regina Jonas became the first formally ordained female rabbi;
1960S Feminist movement
1970s: Trude Weiss Rosmanrin and Rachel Adler began to struggle for the place of women in Judaism
1972: Ezrat Nashim manifesto (Conservative Movement)
: Reform Movement ordains first female Rabbi, Sally Priesand and soon after,
Reconstructionist movement appointed a female rabbi.
1973: Conservative movement accepts women as part of a minyan
1985: Conservative Movement appoints first female rabbi
2013: Maharat (Rabbah) movement in some Orthodox communities
From Wikipedia:
HAREDI VIEW:
“It has lately become the new trend that girls and married women are pursuing degrees in special education. Some attend classes and others online. And so we’d like to let their parents know that it is against the Torah.
We will be very strict about this. No girls attending our school are allowed to study and get a degree. It is dangerous. Girls who will not abide will be forced to leave our school. Also, we will not give any jobs or teaching position in the school to girls who’ve been to college or have a degree.
We have to keep our school safe and we can’t allow any secular influences in our holy environment. It is against the base upon which our Mosed was built."
Orthodox:
Orthodox Jewish feminism, seeks to change the position of women from within halakha. There are partnership minyanim which consider themselves Orthodox but are not seen as Orthodox by others. In 2015, the Rabbinical Council of America adopted a policy prohibiting the ordination or hiring of women rabbis by synagogues. In 2016, Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis created the job of ma’ayan by which women would be advisers on Jewish law in the area of family purity and as adult educators in Orthodox synagogues
Women now have opportunities for studying rabbinic texts, and serve as legal advisors to Orthodox women regarding divorce and niddah observance.
Conservative:
Ezrat Nashim (1972)"We recognized that the subordinate status of women was linked to their exemption from positive time-bound mitzvot (commandments), and we therefore accepted increased obligation as the corollary of equality," 1973- women accepted as part of the minyan. From 1983, vote that women can be accepted as rabbis.
Reform:
From 1845, women counted in minyan. 1884 first female cantor- Julie Rosewald in San Francisco. 1935-Regina Jonas became the first formally ordained female rabbi;